Not everyone can undergo Bariatric surgery. It is recommended for individuals with a body mass index of over 40 and with obesity related complications such as hypertension and diabetes. Body mass index or simply BMI is a number calculated by dividing a persons height and weight. It shows usually shows their ideal weight.
The weight loss operation may be in three forms. The first aims to limit the amount of food consumed, while the others interfere with digestion and absorption of nutrients into the body. The operating surgeon is at liberty to use either of the approaches depending on his or her experience and patient medical and surgical history, of course, with the consent of their patient.
Limiting the intake of food is possible through a reduction in the size of the stomach by removing a portion of it. This type of operation also known as gastric band operation uses sleeve gasterectomy to remove a portion of the stomach. Interfering with digestion or absorption involves re-secting and re-routing the small intestines to a stomach pouch also referred to as gastric bypass operation.
Studies show that 40 to 80% weight loss is achieved within two to three years after surgery. In addition, patients rely on less medication over time to pull through life. Also, obesity co-morbidities are reduced and may go into remission in the long run. Therefore, it is safe to conclude that Bariatric operation is largely successful for most people.
The risks of obesity operation include unsatisfactory weight deduction, especially if the patient had unrealistic goals. It is possible to regain much of the weight lost. Also, there is the risk of technical problems after surgery such as separated stitches and risk of infection, blood clot and hernia. Frequent snacking, lack of exercise and eating high calorie foods may also contribute to inadequate weight reduction.
The operation is not a license to live carefree. Even after undergoing the cut, the patient has to be extremely cautious about their lifestyle to live healthy and prevent post operation weight gain. Well balanced and healthy diet, physical activity and psychological change are necessary lifestyle adjustments. In addition, patients should demonstrate dedication and positive attitude to maintain a healthy lifestyle after the operation.
After the operation, the diet recommended for the patient should be clear liquids only until the gut has recovered to an extent from the operation. Such liquids include blended and sugar free food and high in protein for at least two weeks. The amount of food taken has to be carefully monitored because overeating causes nausea and vomiting. Patients should also take a multivitamin oil to cater for mal-absorption of important nutrients.
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